ge krav, der har til formål at sikre den danske kulturarv. Ifølge museumslovens kapitel 1, § 2 skal mu-
seernes varetagelse af kulturarven ske gennem fem kerneopgaver, nemlig indsamling, registrering,
bevaring, forskning og formidling14.
Disse fem områder udgør ”søjlerne” i det museale arbejde, og det er da også disse fem, der har dannet
centrum for debat gennem tiden. Diskussionen har foregået både internt i museumsnetværket og eks-
ternt blandt politikere og publikum. Museerne forvalter den fælles kulturarv, og derfor har vi stort set
alle en holdning til, hvad kulturarv er, hvad der skal bevares for eftertiden, hvordan vi gerne vil opleve
vores kulturarv, og så videre. De fem søjler afføder en række teoretiske og praktiske spørgsmål, som
centrerer sig om museumsinstitutionens identitet og funktion – sagt med andre ord: hvad selve formå-
let med museerne er. Hvordan disse spørgsmål i praksis har udmøntet sig, vil jeg uddybe i afsnit 3.3,
men først en afklaring af problematikken på et videnskabeligt niveau i den museologiske disciplin.
3.2 DEN MUSEOLOGISKE DISCIPLIN
Museologien blev officielt anerkendt som videnskabelig disciplin af den internationale museumssam-
menslutning ICOM i 1971. Ifølge professor i museologi Friedrich Waidacher er ’museologi’ en fællesbe-
tegnelse, der dækker over beskrivelsen, klassificeringen og formidlingen af både teoretiske og prakti-
ske forhold, som er relevante for fænomenet museum (Waidacher, F., 1997, p.95). En lignende, men
lidt mere omfattende definition udfoldes af professor i kunsthistorie Peter Vergo:
”museologien omfatter studiet af museer, deres historie og underliggende filosofi, de forskellige måder
som de er blevet etableret og udviklet på, deres erklærede og uudtalte formål og politik samt deres
uddannelsesmæssige eller politiske rolle.”(Ingemann, B. & Larsen, A. H., 2005, p.9)
Peter Vergo har senere udvidet sin forståelse af museologien til også at omfatte tilskuere, etik og andre
lovmæssige opgaver (Ibid). Museologien er en tværfaglig disciplin og favner således over et bredt om-
råde. Derfor har der gennem tiden også hersket delte meninger om, hvordan museologien skal afgræn-
ses, opfattes og anvendes. I den danske museologi skelnes der typisk mellem en praktisk museologi og
en teoretisk museologi. Den første kan karakteriseres som en praktisk redskabsdisciplin og beskæfti-
ger sig med, hvordan de fem søjler i museumsloven skal udføres i praksis. Den teoretiske rummer en
analytisk og kritisk-refleksiv tilgang og forsøger at afdække de underliggende værdier i måden, hvorpå
de museale opgaver bliver løst (Larsen, A. H., 2001, p.11). De to retninger kan dog ikke skilles helt ad,
hvilket de ifølge flere museologer heller ikke bør, da de netop øger indflydelse på hinanden i kraft af, at
museet er deres fælles omdrejningspunkt (Hainau, N. & Jespersen, A. P., 1997; Larsen, 2001). Både i
Danmark og internationalt har det indtil omkring årtusindeskiftet været den praktisk anvendte mu-
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